spring import注解详解

# 一.背景

上一节我们知道了spring的自动装配原理，其中有一个非常关键的注解@Import，本节就能讲讲@import注解的使用

注解的主要作用是导入bean。为了更方面的导入更多的bean，其导入的方式又分为很多种，下面举例说明。

# 二.使用方式

# ①普通类的导入

@Data
public class UserBean {
    private String username;
    private String sex;
}

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@Configuration
@Import(value = {UserBean.class})  //注入普通Bean
public class ImportConfiguration {

}

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# ②importSelector 接口

ImportSelector是一个接口，可以通过实现它来完成bean的注册，它只有一个selectImports()方法，它会返回一个bean的名称数组，这个数组中的bean名称就会被注册进IOC容器中。

public class MyImportSelector implements ImportSelector {
    @Override
    public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata) {
        return new String[]{UserBean.class.getName()};
    }
}

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实现selectImports方法，其中返回的string数组，就是将要导入的bean的类路径

# ③ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar接口

使用ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar也可以注册bean，它会传入BeanDefinitionRegistry接口，然后进可以注册bean，这里注册的是bean的元信息BeanDefinition。

public class MyImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar {

    @Override
    public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
        String name = UserBean.class.getName();
        BeanDefinitionBuilder builder = BeanDefinitionBuilder.rootBeanDefinition(UserBean.class);
        builder.addPropertyValue("sex","男");
        AbstractBeanDefinition beanDefinition = builder.getBeanDefinition();
        registry.registerBeanDefinition(name, beanDefinition);
    }
}

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这里是实现registerBeanDefinitions方法，然后我们可以创建新的beanDefinition导入到对应的BeanFactory中。

现在我们知道了使用@import注解的方式。但是这还不够，我们还需要知道在spring中，spring是如何感知到@import注解，并根据不同的使用方式，将不同的bean导入到beanFactory中的。只有import注解导入的ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar才会生效registerBeanDefinitions方法，如果在ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar类上使用注解@Conponent，ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar bean可以被加载进去，但是对应的不会执行方法registerBeanDefinitions。所以该类只有Import会使用到。

参考：https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/2316949

# 三. 原理解析

首先，我们的beanFactory要注册对应的beanDefinition，注册时机是什么时候？这些需要在AbstractApplicationContext#refresh()方法中去看，现在假设已经知道我们使用注解加载的beanDefinition是在invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessor()中执行的，具体为什么，后续再讲解。在配置注解解析类ConfigurationClassParser类中，有一个方法doProcessConfigurationClass就是用来解析对应的注解：

protected final SourceClass doProcessConfigurationClass(
			ConfigurationClass configClass, SourceClass sourceClass, Predicate<String> filter)
			throws IOException {

		if (configClass.getMetadata().isAnnotated(Component.class.getName())) {
			// Recursively process any member (nested) classes first
			processMemberClasses(configClass, sourceClass, filter);
		}

		// Process any @PropertySource annotations
		for (AnnotationAttributes propertySource : AnnotationConfigUtils.attributesForRepeatable(
				sourceClass.getMetadata(), PropertySources.class,
				org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource.class)) {
			if (this.environment instanceof ConfigurableEnvironment) {
				processPropertySource(propertySource);
			}
			else {
				logger.info("Ignoring @PropertySource annotation on [" + sourceClass.getMetadata().getClassName() +
						"]. Reason: Environment must implement ConfigurableEnvironment");
			}
		}

		// Process any @ComponentScan annotations
		Set<AnnotationAttributes> componentScans = AnnotationConfigUtils.attributesForRepeatable(
				sourceClass.getMetadata(), ComponentScans.class, ComponentScan.class);
		if (!componentScans.isEmpty() &&
				!this.conditionEvaluator.shouldSkip(sourceClass.getMetadata(), ConfigurationPhase.REGISTER_BEAN)) {
			for (AnnotationAttributes componentScan : componentScans) {
				// The config class is annotated with @ComponentScan -> perform the scan immediately
				Set<BeanDefinitionHolder> scannedBeanDefinitions =
						this.componentScanParser.parse(componentScan, sourceClass.getMetadata().getClassName());
				// Check the set of scanned definitions for any further config classes and parse recursively if needed
				for (BeanDefinitionHolder holder : scannedBeanDefinitions) {
					BeanDefinition bdCand = holder.getBeanDefinition().getOriginatingBeanDefinition();
					if (bdCand == null) {
						bdCand = holder.getBeanDefinition();
					}
					if (ConfigurationClassUtils.checkConfigurationClassCandidate(bdCand, this.metadataReaderFactory)) {
						parse(bdCand.getBeanClassName(), holder.getBeanName());
					}
				}
			}
		}

		// Process any @Import annotations
		processImports(configClass, sourceClass, getImports(sourceClass), filter, true);

		// Process any @ImportResource annotations
		AnnotationAttributes importResource =
				AnnotationConfigUtils.attributesFor(sourceClass.getMetadata(), ImportResource.class);
		if (importResource != null) {
			String[] resources = importResource.getStringArray("locations");
			Class<? extends BeanDefinitionReader> readerClass = importResource.getClass("reader");
			for (String resource : resources) {
				String resolvedResource = this.environment.resolveRequiredPlaceholders(resource);
				configClass.addImportedResource(resolvedResource, readerClass);
			}
		}

		// Process individual @Bean methods
		Set<MethodMetadata> beanMethods = retrieveBeanMethodMetadata(sourceClass);
		for (MethodMetadata methodMetadata : beanMethods) {
			configClass.addBeanMethod(new BeanMethod(methodMetadata, configClass));
		}

		// Process default methods on interfaces
		processInterfaces(configClass, sourceClass);

		// Process superclass, if any
		if (sourceClass.getMetadata().hasSuperClass()) {
			String superclass = sourceClass.getMetadata().getSuperClassName();
			if (superclass != null && !superclass.startsWith("java") &&
					!this.knownSuperclasses.containsKey(superclass)) {
				this.knownSuperclasses.put(superclass, configClass);
				// Superclass found, return its annotation metadata and recurse
				return sourceClass.getSuperClass();
			}
		}

		// No superclass -> processing is complete
		return null;
	}

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当注解是用@Import注解时，进入方法processImports()

private void processImports(ConfigurationClass configClass, SourceClass currentSourceClass,
			Collection<SourceClass> importCandidates, Predicate<String> exclusionFilter,
			boolean checkForCircularImports) {

		if (importCandidates.isEmpty()) {
			return;
		}

		if (checkForCircularImports && isChainedImportOnStack(configClass)) {
			this.problemReporter.error(new CircularImportProblem(configClass, this.importStack));
		}
		else {
			this.importStack.push(configClass);
			try {
				for (SourceClass candidate : importCandidates) {
					if (candidate.isAssignable(ImportSelector.class)) {
						// Candidate class is an ImportSelector -> delegate to it to determine imports
						Class<?> candidateClass = candidate.loadClass();
						ImportSelector selector = ParserStrategyUtils.instantiateClass(candidateClass, ImportSelector.class,
								this.environment, this.resourceLoader, this.registry);
						Predicate<String> selectorFilter = selector.getExclusionFilter();
						if (selectorFilter != null) {
							exclusionFilter = exclusionFilter.or(selectorFilter);
						}
						if (selector instanceof DeferredImportSelector) {
							this.deferredImportSelectorHandler.handle(configClass, (DeferredImportSelector) selector);
						}
						else {
							String[] importClassNames = selector.selectImports(currentSourceClass.getMetadata());
							Collection<SourceClass> importSourceClasses = asSourceClasses(importClassNames, exclusionFilter);
							processImports(configClass, currentSourceClass, importSourceClasses, exclusionFilter, false);
						}
					}
					else if (candidate.isAssignable(ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar.class)) {
						// Candidate class is an ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar ->
						// delegate to it to register additional bean definitions
						Class<?> candidateClass = candidate.loadClass();
						ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar registrar =
								ParserStrategyUtils.instantiateClass(candidateClass, ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar.class,
										this.environment, this.resourceLoader, this.registry);
						configClass.addImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar(registrar, currentSourceClass.getMetadata());
					}
					else {
						// Candidate class not an ImportSelector or ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar ->
						// process it as an @Configuration class
						this.importStack.registerImport(
								currentSourceClass.getMetadata(), candidate.getMetadata().getClassName());
						processConfigurationClass(candidate.asConfigClass(configClass), exclusionFilter);
					}
				}
			}
			catch (BeanDefinitionStoreException ex) {
				throw ex;
			}
			catch (Throwable ex) {
				throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(
						"Failed to process import candidates for configuration class [" +
						configClass.getMetadata().getClassName() + "]", ex);
			}
			finally {
				this.importStack.pop();
			}
		}
	}

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可以看出如果是ImportSelector，则会执行

String[] importClassNames = selector.selectImports(currentSourceClass.getMetadata());
							Collection<SourceClass> importSourceClasses = asSourceClasses(importClassNames, exclusionFilter);
							processImports(configClass, currentSourceClass, importSourceClasses, exclusionFilter, false);

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如果是ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar，则会执行：

Class<?> candidateClass = candidate.loadClass();
						ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar registrar =
								ParserStrategyUtils.instantiateClass(candidateClass, ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar.class,
										this.environment, this.resourceLoader, this.registry);
						configClass.addImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar(registrar, currentSourceClass.getMetadata());

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如果是普通类，则会执行;

this.importStack.registerImport(
								currentSourceClass.getMetadata(), candidate.getMetadata().getClassName());
						processConfigurationClass(candidate.asConfigClass(configClass), exclusionFilter);

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spring容器启动后，会在ConfigurationClassParser解析类中解析@Import注解，解析出需要注册的bean，下面就是最关键的代码，通过调用processImports方法，然后解析出对应的bean，可以看出有几个判断，分别判断是否是ImportSelector类型，ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar类型，如果都不是，则证明是直接导入普通java类，如果是普通java类和ImportSelector类型，那么就会将要注册的bean加入一个Map集合configurationClasses中，后续会将它进行注册，如果是ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar类型，那么会将其加入一个Map集合importBeanDefinitionRegistrars中，后续在扩展点会对它进行再次处理。

private void processImports(ConfigurationClass configClass, ConfigurationClassParser.SourceClass currentSourceClass,
                                Collection<ConfigurationClassParser.SourceClass> importCandidates, Predicate<String> exclusionFilter,
                                boolean checkForCircularImports) {
        if (candidate.isAssignable(ImportSelector.class)) {
            Class<?> candidateClass = candidate.loadClass();
            ImportSelector selector = ParserStrategyUtils.instantiateClass(candidateClass, ImportSelector.class,
                    this.environment, this.resourceLoader, this.registry);
            Predicate<String> selectorFilter = selector.getExclusionFilter();
            if (selectorFilter != null) {
                exclusionFilter = exclusionFilter.or(selectorFilter);
            }
            if (selector instanceof DeferredImportSelector deferredImportSelector) {
                this.deferredImportSelectorHandler.handle(configClass, deferredImportSelector);
            } else {
                String[] importClassNames = selector.selectImports(currentSourceClass.getMetadata());
                Collection<ConfigurationClassParser.SourceClass> importSourceClasses = asSourceClasses(importClassNames, exclusionFilter);
                processImports(configClass, currentSourceClass, importSourceClasses, exclusionFilter, false);
            }
        } else if (candidate.isAssignable(ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar.class)) {
            Class<?> candidateClass = candidate.loadClass();
            ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar registrar =
                    ParserStrategyUtils.instantiateClass(candidateClass, ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar.class,
                            this.environment, this.resourceLoader, this.registry);
            configClass.addImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar(registrar, currentSourceClass.getMetadata());
        } else {
            this.importStack.registerImport(
                    currentSourceClass.getMetadata(), candidate.getMetadata().getClassName());
            processConfigurationClass(candidate.asConfigClass(configClass), exclusionFilter);
        }
    }

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经过上面解析后，Spring会注册Bean的元信息，会通过configClass.isImported()判断bean是否是通过@Import方式导入的普通bean或者ImportSelector类型的导入的bean，如果是，则执行registerBeanDefinitionForImportedConfigurationClass，里面主要就是组装成BeanDefinition，然后注册进BeanFactory。

private void loadBeanDefinitionsForConfigurationClass(ConfigurationClass configClass, ConfigurationClassBeanDefinitionReader.TrackedConditionEvaluator trackedConditionEvaluator) {
        if (trackedConditionEvaluator.shouldSkip(configClass)) {
            String beanName = configClass.getBeanName();
            if (StringUtils.hasLength(beanName) && this.registry.containsBeanDefinition(beanName)) {
                this.registry.removeBeanDefinition(beanName);
            }
            this.importRegistry.removeImportingClass(configClass.getMetadata().getClassName());
            return;
        }
        if (configClass.isImported()) {
            registerBeanDefinitionForImportedConfigurationClass(configClass);
        }
        for (BeanMethod beanMethod : configClass.getBeanMethods()) {
            loadBeanDefinitionsForBeanMethod(beanMethod);
        }
        loadBeanDefinitionsFromImportedResources(configClass.getImportedResources());
        loadBeanDefinitionsFromRegistrars(configClass.getImportBeanDefinitionRegistrars());
    }

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如果是通过ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar方式，则会调用loadBeanDefinitionsFromRegistrars，里面会循环去执行我们自定义的ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar，然后进行bean的元信息注册。

private void loadBeanDefinitionsFromRegistrars(Map<ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar, AnnotationMetadata> registrars) {
    registrars.forEach((registrar, metadata) ->
        registrar.registerBeanDefinitions(metadata, this.registry, this.importBeanNameGenerator));
 }

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从上面的源码解析中，我们看出通过@Import直接导入普通的java类和导入实现了ImportSelector接口的类是直接注册进BeanFactory，这两者本质是一样的，而通过实现ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar接口方式的类则需要去实现我们自定义的注册bean元信息的逻辑。

# 四. 参考：

https://juejin.cn/post/7222984001769750587

编辑

上次更新: 2024/02/22, 14:03:19

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